The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. They play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood to form urine. Each kidney is about the size of a fist and contains around a million tiny filtering units called nephrons.
Key Functions of the Kidneys:
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Filtration: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, maintaining the body's chemical balance.
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Regulation of Blood Pressure: They release hormones like renin that help control blood pressure.
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Electrolyte Balance: The kidneys regulate levels of various electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, and calcium.
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Red Blood Cell Production: They produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
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Acid-Base Balance: The kidneys maintain the pH balance of the blood by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate.
Structure of the Kidney:
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Cortex: The outer part of the kidney where most nephrons are located.
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Medulla: The inner part of the kidney that contains the renal pyramids and columns.
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Renal Pelvis: A funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the kidney and channels it into the ureter.
Common Kidney Disorders:
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function.
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Kidney Stones: Hard deposits formed from minerals and salts that can cause severe pain.
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): A sudden loss of kidney function, often due to injury or illness.
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Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys.
The kidneys are essential for maintaining overall health by filtering out toxins and balancing bodily fluids. Taking good care of them through hydration, a healthy diet, and regular check-ups can help ensure they function optimally.
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